Worldwide, the incidence of ROP and ROP treatment varies widely with higher incidence in developing countries, where also more mature infants are affected. The incidence also varies between developed countries, with lowest incidence in Switzerland. The risk for ROP treatment increases with lower GA and is minimal in patients above 28 weeks` GA in Switzerland. If ROP screening criteria of the American Academy of Pediatrics were applied in Switzerland, around 98% of patients were screened unnecessarily. The low incidence of ROP treatment and low risk at higher gestational age might allow to develop new ROP screening criteria for Switzerland.